Estimated Levelized Costs of Renewable Energy and Low Carbon Generation: 2016 US $/MWh

The Company’s mission is to “Decarbonise power generation by providing utilities with a clean, convenient, predictable, coal-replacement solution”.  It intends to achieve this by integrating the systems that form seamless supply chains between upstream “Advantaged Woodbaskets” through midstream “Modular Manufacturing Plants” to meet each downstream set of “Customer-Led” specifications.

Options for Coal Plants:

1. Shut down or reduce output.
2. Pay coal + carbon (in Europe, not an option in US today, likely  by 2011).
3. Retrofit existing plant with capital intensive, emissions abatement technology.
4. Invest in carbon capture and storage: expensive and non-commercial prior to 2020, earliest.
5. Invest in other renewables (wind, solar..)
6. Co-fire  or convert to 100% biomass:

• Woodchips:  technical issues
• Energy crops:  land use issues and emission problems
• Industrial grade pellets
• Industrial grade torrefied pellets

Source:  Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2010,  Dec 2009, DOE/EIA-0383(2009), Co-firing - IWF analysis, *Emissions Abatement IWF analysis based on http://www.iea-coal.org.uk/publishor/system/component_view.asp?LogDocId=81457